LESSON 170 · PASSIVE AND CAUSATIVE STRUCTURES
Understanding the topic · English notes
Passive questions invert the first auxiliary; passive negatives place not after it. Retain the passive be and past participle structure.
In passive questions, move the first auxiliary before the subject. In negatives, put not after that first auxiliary. Keep the remaining auxiliary sequence and past participle intact, including any particle belonging to the verb.
വിഷയം മനസ്സിലാക്കാം · മലയാളം നോട്ട്സ്
Passive question-ൽ ആദ്യ auxiliary subject-ന് മുമ്പ്; negative-ൽ അതിന് ശേഷം not.
Passive question-ൽ ആദ്യ auxiliary subject-ന് മുമ്പിൽ. Negative-ൽ അതിന് ശേഷം not. മറ്റു auxiliary-കളും participle-ഉം particle-ഉം ഒഴിവാക്കാതെ നിലനിർത്തുക.
Sentence pattern · പ്രയോഗരീതി
Was it sent? It has not been sent.
Remember: Do-support is not added when a passive auxiliary already carries the structure.
Natural examples with Malayalam meanings
-
Has the meeting been called off?
യോഗം റദ്ദാക്കിയോ?
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The files have not been backed up.
ഫയലുകളുടെ ബാക്കപ്പ് എടുത്തിട്ടില്ല.
-
Was the door locked?
വാതിൽ പൂട്ടിയിരുന്നോ?
Phrasal verbs in context · അർത്ഥം
- call off = cancel / റദ്ദാക്കുക
- back up = make a safety copy / ബാക്കപ്പ് എടുക്കുക
Practice · പരിശീലനം
Try these without looking at the examples. For open tasks, other natural answers may be correct.
- Complete the sentence using the meaning in the notes: ________ the meeting been called off?
- Say this in English: ഫയലുകളുടെ ബാക്കപ്പ് എടുത്തിട്ടില്ല.
- Restore the highlighted grammar or punctuation from example 3: ________ the door locked?
- What does call off mean in example 1? Give the meaning in English or Malayalam.
- Write or say your own sentence using this lesson’s pattern. Use a real situation from your life, then explain the grammar choice.
Answers and learning check · ഉത്തരങ്ങളും വിശദീകരണവും
- Has. Has the meeting been called off?
- The files have not been backed up.
- Was. Was the door locked?
- call off = cancel / റദ്ദാക്കുക
- Model: Was the door locked? Your wording can differ. Check the sentence against the explanation and pattern above.
Why this pattern works
In passive questions, move the first auxiliary before the subject. In negatives, put not after that first auxiliary. Keep the remaining auxiliary sequence and past participle intact, including any particle belonging to the verb.
Passive question-ൽ ആദ്യ auxiliary subject-ന് മുമ്പിൽ. Negative-ൽ അതിന് ശേഷം not. മറ്റു auxiliary-കളും participle-ഉം particle-ഉം ഒഴിവാക്കാതെ നിലനിർത്തുക.