LESSON 169 · PASSIVE AND CAUSATIVE STRUCTURES
Understanding the topic · English notes
Perfect passives use have + been + past participle. Modal passives use modal + be; modal perfect passives use modal + have been.
Perfect passive uses have/has/had been + participle. Modal passive uses modal + be + participle; a past judgement uses modal + have been + participle. Preserve the particle when the main verb is phrasal.
വിഷയം മനസ്സിലാക്കാം · മലയാളം നോട്ട്സ്
Have been, modal + be തുടങ്ങിയ auxiliary കൂട്ടങ്ങൾ ശരിയായ ക്രമത്തിൽ വേണം.
Perfect passive-ൽ been വേണം. Modal passive-ൽ be; modal perfect passive-ൽ have been. Phrasal verb ആണെങ്കിൽ അതിലെ particle ഒഴിവാക്കരുത്.
Sentence pattern · പ്രയോഗരീതി
has been sent; must be sent; should have been sent
Remember: Long passive chains are possible but may be clearer when rephrased.
Natural examples with Malayalam meanings
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The problem has been sorted out.
പ്രശ്നം പരിഹരിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്.
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The form must be filled out today.
ഫോം ഇന്ന് പൂരിപ്പിക്കണം.
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The parcel should have been delivered yesterday.
പാഴ്സൽ ഇന്നലെ എത്തിക്കേണ്ടതായിരുന്നു.
Phrasal verbs in context · അർത്ഥം
- sort out = resolve / പരിഹരിക്കുക
- fill out = complete / പൂരിപ്പിക്കുക
Practice · പരിശീലനം
Try these without looking at the examples. For open tasks, other natural answers may be correct.
- Complete the sentence using the meaning in the notes: The problem ________.
- Say this in English: ഫോം ഇന്ന് പൂരിപ്പിക്കണം.
- Restore the highlighted grammar or punctuation from example 3: The parcel ________ yesterday.
- What does sort out mean in example 1? Give the meaning in English or Malayalam.
- Write or say your own sentence using this lesson’s pattern. Use a real situation from your life, then explain the grammar choice.
Answers and learning check · ഉത്തരങ്ങളും വിശദീകരണവും
- has been sorted out. The problem has been sorted out.
- The form must be filled out today.
- should have been delivered. The parcel should have been delivered yesterday.
- sort out = resolve / പരിഹരിക്കുക
- Model: The parcel should have been delivered yesterday. Your wording can differ. Check the sentence against the explanation and pattern above.
Why this pattern works
Perfect passive uses have/has/had been + participle. Modal passive uses modal + be + participle; a past judgement uses modal + have been + participle. Preserve the particle when the main verb is phrasal.
Perfect passive-ൽ been വേണം. Modal passive-ൽ be; modal perfect passive-ൽ have been. Phrasal verb ആണെങ്കിൽ അതിലെ particle ഒഴിവാക്കരുത്.