LESSON 168 · PASSIVE AND CAUSATIVE STRUCTURES
Understanding the topic · English notes
The passive keeps tense in the auxiliary while the main lexical verb remains a past participle. Continuous passives add being.
The auxiliary changes for tense and aspect while the lexical verb remains a past participle. A continuous passive needs being: is being repaired. Do not use being merely because the sentence is passive; simple passives use is/was + participle.
വിഷയം മനസ്സിലാക്കാം · മലയാളം നോട്ട്സ്
Passive-ൽ tense auxiliary-ലാണ് കാണിക്കുന്നത്; main verb past participle ആയിരിക്കും.
Tense/aspect auxiliary-ലാണ് മാറുന്നത്. Continuous passive-ൽ being വേണം; simple passive-ൽ വേണ്ട. Is repaired, is being repaired എന്ന വ്യത്യാസം തിരിച്ചറിയുക.
Sentence pattern · പ്രയോഗരീതി
is taught; was taught; is being taught
Remember: Avoid changing a participle to a past form merely because the time changes.
Natural examples with Malayalam meanings
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The old building is being pulled down.
പഴയ കെട്ടിടം പൊളിച്ചുകൊണ്ടിരിക്കുകയാണ്.
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The chairs were put away after the event.
പരിപാടിക്ക് ശേഷം കസേരകൾ എടുത്തുവെച്ചു.
-
The car is washed every week.
കാർ എല്ലാ ആഴ്ചയും കഴുകുന്നു.
Phrasal verbs in context · അർത്ഥം
- pull down = demolish / പൊളിക്കുക
- put away = store / എടുത്തുവെക്കുക
Practice · പരിശീലനം
Try these without looking at the examples. For open tasks, other natural answers may be correct.
- Complete the sentence using the meaning in the notes: The old building ________.
- Say this in English: പരിപാടിക്ക് ശേഷം കസേരകൾ എടുത്തുവെച്ചു.
- Restore the highlighted grammar or punctuation from example 3: The car ________ every week.
- What does pull down mean in example 1? Give the meaning in English or Malayalam.
- Write or say your own sentence using this lesson’s pattern. Use a real situation from your life, then explain the grammar choice.
Answers and learning check · ഉത്തരങ്ങളും വിശദീകരണവും
- is being pulled down. The old building is being pulled down.
- The chairs were put away after the event.
- is washed. The car is washed every week.
- pull down = demolish / പൊളിക്കുക
- Model: The car is washed every week. Your wording can differ. Check the sentence against the explanation and pattern above.
Why this pattern works
The auxiliary changes for tense and aspect while the lexical verb remains a past participle. A continuous passive needs being: is being repaired. Do not use being merely because the sentence is passive; simple passives use is/was + participle.
Tense/aspect auxiliary-ലാണ് മാറുന്നത്. Continuous passive-ൽ being വേണം; simple passive-ൽ വേണ്ട. Is repaired, is being repaired എന്ന വ്യത്യാസം തിരിച്ചറിയുക.