LESSON 115 · PREPOSITIONS
Understanding the topic · English notes
Since gives a starting point; for gives duration; during precedes a noun phrase; while introduces a clause or a reduced clause.
Since answers from when; for answers how long. During takes a noun phrase, while while introduces a clause or a reduced clause. Do not use during directly before an ordinary subject + finite verb clause.
വിഷയം മനസ്സിലാക്കാം · മലയാളം നോട്ട്സ്
Since തുടക്കസമയം; for ദൈർഘ്യം; during-ന് ശേഷം noun; while-ന് ശേഷം clause.
Since എപ്പോൾ മുതൽ, for എത്രനേരം. During-ന് ശേഷം noun phrase; while-ന് ശേഷം clause. During I was working എന്ന് പറയാതെ while I was working എന്ന് പറയുക.
Sentence pattern · പ്രയോഗരീതി
since Monday; for two hours; during class; while studying
Remember: During does not normally introduce a finite clause.
Natural examples with Malayalam meanings
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I've been catching up on emails since breakfast.
പ്രഭാതഭക്ഷണത്തിന് ശേഷം ബാക്കിയുള്ള ഇമെയിലുകൾ വായിച്ച് തീർക്കുകയാണ്.
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She called back while I was cooking.
ഞാൻ പാചകം ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ അവൾ തിരികെ വിളിച്ചു.
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We stayed in Delhi for three days.
ഞങ്ങൾ മൂന്ന് ദിവസം ഡൽഹിയിൽ താമസിച്ചു.
Phrasal verbs in context · അർത്ഥം
- catch up on = deal with a backlog / ബാക്കിയായത് തീർക്കുക
- call back = return a call / തിരികെ വിളിക്കുക
Practice · പരിശീലനം
Try these without looking at the examples. For open tasks, other natural answers may be correct.
- Complete the sentence using the meaning in the notes: I've been catching up on emails ________ breakfast.
- Say this in English: ഞാൻ പാചകം ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ അവൾ തിരികെ വിളിച്ചു.
- Restore the highlighted grammar or punctuation from example 3: We stayed in Delhi ________ three days.
- What does catch up on mean in example 1? Give the meaning in English or Malayalam.
- Write or say your own sentence using this lesson’s pattern. Use a real situation from your life, then explain the grammar choice.
Answers and learning check · ഉത്തരങ്ങളും വിശദീകരണവും
- since. I've been catching up on emails since breakfast.
- She called back while I was cooking.
- for. We stayed in Delhi for three days.
- catch up on = deal with a backlog / ബാക്കിയായത് തീർക്കുക
- Model: We stayed in Delhi for three days. Your wording can differ. Check the sentence against the explanation and pattern above.
Why this pattern works
Since answers from when; for answers how long. During takes a noun phrase, while while introduces a clause or a reduced clause. Do not use during directly before an ordinary subject + finite verb clause.
Since എപ്പോൾ മുതൽ, for എത്രനേരം. During-ന് ശേഷം noun phrase; while-ന് ശേഷം clause. During I was working എന്ന് പറയാതെ while I was working എന്ന് പറയുക.